All modern browsers display HTML content by default in pretty much the same way. One of the goals of CSS is to allow users greater control over presentation. Someone who finds red italic headings difficult to read may apply a different style sheet.

Short for chirp spread spectrum, CSS is a spread spectrum technique that transmits information in periodic bursts of variable frequency. These chirps are highly resistant to channel noise and multipath degradation, making them ideal for low-power, low-bitrate, long-distance communication. CSS is used in some LPWAN technologies to provide signal resilience in a distributed mesh of low-power transmitters, such as those found in IoT devices.

HTML and CSS

With the basics of the CSS language covered, the next CSS topic for you to concentrate on is styling text — one of the most common things you’ll do with CSS. Here we look at text styling fundamentals, including setting font, boldness, italics, line and letter spacing, drop shadows, and other text features. We round off the module by looking at applying custom fonts to your page, and styling lists and links. These attributes are placed in the opening tag and range from style and ids to classes. They take values, which convey more information about the element and help you do things such as styling and manipulation with JavaScript. Nowadays there are devices that could in principle display
smaller sharp dots (although you might need a magnifier to see
them).

A style rule set consists of a selector and declaration block. Is the declaration, and again, “p” (meaning the HTML paragraph) is the selector. These same basic principles can be applied to change font sizes, background colors, margin indentations, and more on your web page by choosing the specific selector.

CSS Text Formatting

For an example, see the browser compatibility table for the CSS font-family property. CSS is no different — it is developed by a group within the W3C called the CSS Working Group. This group is made of representatives of browser vendors and other companies who have an interest in CSS. There are also other people, known as invited experts, who act as independent voices; they are not linked to a member organization. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) allows you to create great-looking web pages, but how does it work under the hood?

The so-called absolute units (cm,
mm, in, pt and pc) mean the same in CSS as everywhere else, but only
if your output device has a high enough resolution. But on
low-resolution devices, such as computer screens, CSS doesn’t
require that. And indeed, the result tends to be different from one
device to another and from one CSS implementation to another.

Separation of content from presentation

To comply with the W3C Process for standardizing technical specifications, CSS 2.1 went back and forth between Working Draft status and Candidate Recommendation status for many years. CSS 2.1 first became a Candidate Recommendation on 25 February 2004, but it was reverted what is css to a Working Draft on 13 June 2005 for further review. It returned to Candidate Recommendation on 19 July 2007 and then updated twice in 2009. However, because changes and clarifications were made, it again went back to Last Call Working Draft on 7 December 2010.

• Leaving the underline in place can be an important clue for people to realize that some text inside a paragraph can be clicked on — this is the behavior they are used to.
• Classes and IDs are case-sensitive, start with letters, and can include alphanumeric characters, hyphens, and underscores.
• The second and older syntax, known as the indented syntax (or
  sometimes just “Sass”), provides a more concise way of writing CSS.
• CSS coordinates and develops policy and guidance on the signals intelligence and cybersecurity missions of NSA/CSS to ensure military integration.
• The declaration block (in curly braces) contains one or more declarations separated by
  semicolons.